The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Later in the century, as the piano became more common, it allowed families to listen to a newly published musical piece by having a family member play a simplified version. In the nineteenth century, influenced by Romantic music trends, the fortepiano adopted changes such as using the cast iron frame (which allowed much greater string tensions) and aliquot stringing gave grand pianos a more powerful sound, longer sustain and richer tone. The sustain pedal allows pianists to play movements, such as shifting hands from bass to treble range while sustaining a chord, enabling melodies and arpeggios on top. Notes can be sustained when the keys are released by the use of pedals at the base of the instrument, which hold the dampers off of the strings. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass, which graduates from one to two. When the key is released, a damper stops the string's vibration, ending the sound. The vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies the sound by coupling the acoustic energy to the air. When the keyboard is pressed, the tightened strings inside are struck by coated wooden hammers. The upright piano is more commonly used due to its smaller size and lower cost. The grand piano is also considered a necessity in venues hosting skilled pianists. The grand piano offers better sound and more precise key control, making it the preferred choice when space and budget allow. There are two main types of piano: the grand piano and the upright piano. The black keys are for the " accidentals" (F ♯/G ♭, G ♯/A ♭, A ♯/B ♭, C ♯/D ♭, and D ♯/E ♭), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. This means that the piano can play 88 different pitches (or "notes"), spanning a range of a bit over seven octaves. Most modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys: 52 white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A and B) and 36 shorter black keys raised above the white keys and set further back, for sharps and flats. The piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when pressed on the keys. Problems playing this file? See media help.
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